近年常強調愉快學習,以致很多人都認為這是最理想的學習模式。當然,學習得愉快固然是好,但只顧愉快而忘記了學習有時也須刻苦的話,就只會一事無成。為甚麼現代的人這麼容易忘掉前人的傳統智慧:刻苦是成功的必經階段。
美國新近的教授數學方法 New Constructivist Math Program,受到強烈反對就是一個好例子。
http://www.lit.net/orschools/everydaymath2.htm
其中我最認同的引述如下:
The Department of Education arrived at these programs at the recommendation of an ‘Expert Panel’ consisted of ......, and a list of public school officials and some education-related companies. Not a single active research mathematician or scientist was included in the panel. The panel's ‘expert opinion’ is not shared by the mainstream practicing mathematicians and scientists.
After this endorsement, university research and academic mathematicians became very concerned about the impact of its watered down approach toward teaching math on students’ ability to do math and science when they enter college. The concern was led by ... {a long list of math Professors in the top Universities in US} ... This resulted in an open letter led by them addressed to Secretary Riley, U.S. Secretary of Education in 2000, and supported by 200 top mathematicians and scientists, including four Nobel laureates, and two Field Medalists (the top honor in the field of mathematics).
A new pedagogy for teaching the new curriculum has emerged and according to Professor Wu of UC/Berkeley, the main features of the new teaching approach are:
1. An over-reliance on the so-called constructivist educational strategies (kids come up with the principals themselves by trial-and-error)
2. Misuse of technology (using calculators most of the time)
3. De-emphasis of drills and the role of memory in some texts (such as emphasis on not having to memorize the multiplication table)
4. An over-emphasis on the ‘fun’ component of learning without mentioning hard work.
The bottom line of the new approach is that 2000 years of mathematical discovery are to be abandoned in favor of self discovery through trial and error and observations made based upon a few simple concrete examples. No general principals are derived, proved and extrapolated. Several key skills are not learned. The devastating effects of not covering some key mathematical concept and skills are not apparent until the students enter college and pursue a science or engineering related curriculum where concepts and skills learned in grade schools become the back bone of the skills needed to do further work.
Originally, the emergence and adoption of the new math teaching was an attempt to bridge the gap between higher achieving students and minority students. The goal was very noble and ambitious. The program was aimed at the lower achieving population with the goal of reducing their math phobia. The new Constructivist math curriculum has been adopted in several school districts, and is gaining popularity, especially after the NSF expert panel identified the mentioned ‘exemplary’ programs. If they are so lacking in rigor why are they so popular? I believe part of the reason lies in the feedback from the teachers, students and parents themselves. First, students regard the hands-on activities ‘fun’. Of course it is fun when you are learning not by ‘dull rote memorization’ and drills but by hands-on manipulations, and ‘discovery’. Parents like it because they see how much their kids start to enjoy math lessons! The approach taken by the new curriculum is also ‘politically correct’ in that it emphasizes using real-world problems, which has been the main criticism of the traditional teaching of mathematics, in that many find it being irrelevant to the real world situations. The bottom line is that all these are fine and dandy, but the real evaluation criteria should be the students’ performance on standardized math tests, and their degree of preparation and success in taking math courses in a college environment. From two major studies this is not so.
我不是教育家,但我是一個十分喜愛數學,而且對數學是一個十分有觸覺的人。我認為用這種 New Math Program 教下一代肯定”死硬”!我相信所有精通數學的人都會認同我的講法,只有那些不懂數學的教育家才會支持這種 New Math Program。當然,若果背後的意識形態是要 no child left behind,我就無話可說。但必然的結果是 no child race ahead, 因為 every child left behind!
記憶在學習的過程中有其非常重要的地位。腦袋裡空空如也,甚麼資料也沒有,如何思考?分析力是透過把一些已知的事物,在心中不斷仔細思量鍛鍊出來的。
我們現在是站在巨人的肩頭上(Isaac Newton名句),不可能每一個人都花時間重新發現一切。當然,我們必須有敏銳的心靈去發掘萬事萬物的根本原理,和其中所要求的嚴謹思考模式,but in real life, deriving/operating everything from "first principle" is very inefficient and impractical.
問題是選擇甚麼去記,和怎樣才是最有效的記憶方法。九因歌當然要背!
我們不是要放棄愉快學習,但我認為愉快學習只是手段,作為幫助提起興趣,絕不應迷失本來的方向。學習的動力來自多方面,一個真正懂得學習的人絕對不會因為一時枯燥而放棄學習!
"Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration."
- Thomas Alva Edison
18 December, 2004
17 December, 2004
Kindergarten English
聽聞無線的新聞透視在十二月初的節目中,批評一些香港幼稚園的英文太深,目的只在貪求吸引盲目追求高水平課程的家長。節目中並拿了某幼稚園教 Phonics 用的幾個例字作街頭訪問,發現只有一個人能完全懂得,而且那個不是本地人,是新加坡人。本地的連大學生和議員也不懂。新聞透視的結論是這些幼稚園“谷”小 朋友,教導他們一些不合理地遠超過他們能力,而又沒有用的英文。這結論我絕對不能苟同。我認為這節目只反映幾點:
1.香港英語教育方法的一些問題
2.一般人普遍對英語教育方法和幼童怎樣學習語言缺乏認知
3.新聞透視篇採部缺乏國際視野和對教育方法的完全誤解
那五個英文字是
Astronaut
Caterpillar
Ostrich
Quilt
Igloo
除了Igloo外,頭四個字我在中學的時侯都學過。回想起來,這五個英文字全都在我讀給我的三歲兒子的書或在遊戲中出現過(他的一幅puzzle有個太空 人)!當然,他現在還未懂得認字(除了cat,dog,boy等),但他起碼聽過以上五個字,也肯定一看到毛蟲的圖片時會說Caterpillar,其他 四個字他若然聽得懂我也不會感到出奇。當然,現在他能記得的只是讀音,因為所有人學習母語都是先懂聲音,然後認字。對外國一個以英語為母語的小朋友來說, 入小學前已全懂這些字的讀音全不出奇。教 Phonics 的用意就是教他們閱讀,由“小文盲”變成能自己閱讀。重點是教授拼讀時所要掌握的方法,不是要他們強記硬背。以上幾個字全都是英語國家入小學前,教 Phonics常會用到的字的例子。
我相信大多香港人會認為 Crocodile 這個字不深,但 Alligator 卻是個“深字”。但試想想為何?兩個字都是九個字母,所指的是很類似的生物,但為何多數香港人不懂 Alligator? 香港人也會認為Umbrella,Elephant等字不深,但明明這些字又長,又難讀!在我眼中,英文字只有常用與非常用之分,没有深淺之分。 Alligator是個英美小朋友肯定懂的字,我的兒子也懂。(我指的當然是聲音!)因文化關係,外國人常用的字和我們常用的字很不同。香港人懂的大多局 限於工作上應用的書寫英語,不夠生活化也不全面。英美的小朋友是在日常生活中先學聲音,後學文字。香港的小朋友大多是先學文字才學讀音(而且往往是廣東話 式的英語發音)或根本不理讀音。這是一個沒有英語環境的無可耐何的結果。
但我們以前不能做到的,我們的下一代就正如新聞透視認為的不應該做到嗎? 對我來說,學英語是很困難的,因為我是港式的英語教育中成長的,除了在中學學到的基本語文知識外,很大部份的學習是我自己離開中學後,透過閱讀英文書籍, 慢慢地,一點一點的學回來的。當然中學老師的啟發十分受用,尤其是聽老師說買了一本 Daniel Jones 的 Pronouncing Dictionary。但正如所有香港中學一樣,課程完全沒有教IPA和Phonetics,要自己很辛苦的慢慢摸索,根本不太知自己的發音是否準確。我 真不希望我的下一代要像我這樣辛苦,學得這麼慢。所以每天晚上和我兒子的說故事時間是十分重要的。
理科的還記得讀中學生物課 Classification 時那些長得嚇人的名稱嗎 (e.g. Coelanterata)?我今天還記得,原因是我還記得它的讀音。研究人腦怎樣記憶的科學家發現人類很大部份的記憶是以聲音的形式記下的,而且以聲音 記憶是比其他方法(如圖像記憶)有效得多。據說,人死前最後喪失的知覺也是聽覺!
以下的一本書我很想看但未有幾會。這是一本在英語國家怎樣教育小朋友的方法上,引起一連串多年的研究和辯論的書。
Why Johnny Can't Read
http://www.literacyconnections.com/Reviews/ItemId/0060913401/ReviewPage/1
Amazon 有得賣
Why Johnny Can't Read: And What You Can Do about It
若然想挑戰真正"深"的英文,請試試回答以下的十條問題:
http://puzzles.about.com/library/weekly/aa020905.htm
(我只懂三題!)
1.香港英語教育方法的一些問題
2.一般人普遍對英語教育方法和幼童怎樣學習語言缺乏認知
3.新聞透視篇採部缺乏國際視野和對教育方法的完全誤解
那五個英文字是
Astronaut
Caterpillar
Ostrich
Quilt
Igloo
除了Igloo外,頭四個字我在中學的時侯都學過。回想起來,這五個英文字全都在我讀給我的三歲兒子的書或在遊戲中出現過(他的一幅puzzle有個太空 人)!當然,他現在還未懂得認字(除了cat,dog,boy等),但他起碼聽過以上五個字,也肯定一看到毛蟲的圖片時會說Caterpillar,其他 四個字他若然聽得懂我也不會感到出奇。當然,現在他能記得的只是讀音,因為所有人學習母語都是先懂聲音,然後認字。對外國一個以英語為母語的小朋友來說, 入小學前已全懂這些字的讀音全不出奇。教 Phonics 的用意就是教他們閱讀,由“小文盲”變成能自己閱讀。重點是教授拼讀時所要掌握的方法,不是要他們強記硬背。以上幾個字全都是英語國家入小學前,教 Phonics常會用到的字的例子。
我相信大多香港人會認為 Crocodile 這個字不深,但 Alligator 卻是個“深字”。但試想想為何?兩個字都是九個字母,所指的是很類似的生物,但為何多數香港人不懂 Alligator? 香港人也會認為Umbrella,Elephant等字不深,但明明這些字又長,又難讀!在我眼中,英文字只有常用與非常用之分,没有深淺之分。 Alligator是個英美小朋友肯定懂的字,我的兒子也懂。(我指的當然是聲音!)因文化關係,外國人常用的字和我們常用的字很不同。香港人懂的大多局 限於工作上應用的書寫英語,不夠生活化也不全面。英美的小朋友是在日常生活中先學聲音,後學文字。香港的小朋友大多是先學文字才學讀音(而且往往是廣東話 式的英語發音)或根本不理讀音。這是一個沒有英語環境的無可耐何的結果。
但我們以前不能做到的,我們的下一代就正如新聞透視認為的不應該做到嗎? 對我來說,學英語是很困難的,因為我是港式的英語教育中成長的,除了在中學學到的基本語文知識外,很大部份的學習是我自己離開中學後,透過閱讀英文書籍, 慢慢地,一點一點的學回來的。當然中學老師的啟發十分受用,尤其是聽老師說買了一本 Daniel Jones 的 Pronouncing Dictionary。但正如所有香港中學一樣,課程完全沒有教IPA和Phonetics,要自己很辛苦的慢慢摸索,根本不太知自己的發音是否準確。我 真不希望我的下一代要像我這樣辛苦,學得這麼慢。所以每天晚上和我兒子的說故事時間是十分重要的。
理科的還記得讀中學生物課 Classification 時那些長得嚇人的名稱嗎 (e.g. Coelanterata)?我今天還記得,原因是我還記得它的讀音。研究人腦怎樣記憶的科學家發現人類很大部份的記憶是以聲音的形式記下的,而且以聲音 記憶是比其他方法(如圖像記憶)有效得多。據說,人死前最後喪失的知覺也是聽覺!
以下的一本書我很想看但未有幾會。這是一本在英語國家怎樣教育小朋友的方法上,引起一連串多年的研究和辯論的書。
Why Johnny Can't Read
http://www.literacyconnections.com/Reviews/ItemId/0060913401/ReviewPage/1
Amazon 有得賣
Why Johnny Can't Read: And What You Can Do about It
若然想挑戰真正"深"的英文,請試試回答以下的十條問題:
http://puzzles.about.com/library/weekly/aa020905.htm
(我只懂三題!)
Names of adult/female/male/young animals
I have been reading story books to my son almost everyday since he was 1 year old. He really loves it and he always begs for more. I myself also learnt a lot. Just like the names for the female/male/young animals, especially farm animals. Then I started to make a list. And in order to complete the list for some other animals that I don't know, I also looked them up in dictionaries and the Wikipedia.
Here is the list:
Notes:
Some of the words are also used for different animals:
Here is the list:
Chinese | Adult | Female | Male | Young |
雞 | chicken | hen | cock, rooster | chick |
鴨 | duck | duck | drake | duckling |
鵝 | goose | goose | gander | gosling |
豬 | pig | sow | boar | piglet, piggie, piggy |
牛 | cow | heifer | bull, bullock, steer, ox (1) | calf |
綿羊 | sheep | ewe | ram | lamb |
山羊 | goat | nanny goat | billy goat | kid |
狗 | dog | bitch | - | puppy, doggie |
貓 | cat | queen (2) | tom cat | kitten |
馬 | horse | mare | stallion, gelding (3) | foal/ filly (female)/ colt (male) |
兔 | rabbit | doe | buck | bunny |
鹿 | deer | hind, doe, cow | stag, hart, buck, bull | fawn, calf |
天鵝 | swan | pen (4) | cob (4) | cygnet |
Notes:
- bull (not castrated)
bullock (castrated bull)
steer (castrated before sexual maturity)
ox (castrated, used chiefly as a draft animal) - the term is mostly used by breeders
- stallion (for breeding)
gelding (castrated) - rarely used
Some of the words are also used for different animals:
doe | female | deer, antelope, goat, rabbit, and certain other animals |
cow | female | various large animals, as the elephant or whale |
buck | male | deer, antelope, goat, rabbit, hare, sheep |
calf | young | certain mammals, such as the elephant, seal, and whale |
cub | young | certain animals, as the bear, lion, or tiger |
chick | young | chicken or other bird |
kit | young | fox, beaver, or other small furbearing animal |
squab | young | unfledged or newly hatched bird |
40個兒童益智網頁
是嘉儀電郵給我的。BK即Babykingdom
http://www.baby-kingdom.com/
Copy from BK 自由報料
英語篇:
BBC活學英語室
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/laac/menu.shtml
認識字母AlphaBits
http://www.edu4kids.com/alpha/
動物教認字
http://www.infostuff.com/kids/index.html
聽歌學英文
http://phonics.jazzles.com/html/kid.html
跟美國人學英文
http://www.learningplanet.com/
中文篇
齊唱唐詩三百首
http://cls.admin.yzu.edu.tw/300/home.htm
成語動物園
http://resources.ed.gov.hk/idiom2/
中文學堂教寫字
http://www.kids945.com.tw/
多樣化學中文
http://www.dragonwise.hku.hk/dragon2/
認識漢語拼音
http://resources.emb.gov.hk/~chi/
故事篇
經典故事學英文
http://www.candlelightstories.com/
公民教育故事
http://www.cpce.gov.hk
互動式動畫故事
http://www.magickeys.com/books/
親親孩子講故事
http://resources.ed.gov.hk/story_telling/
西方經典童話故事
http://www.childrenstory.com/index.html
親子篇
親子互動網
http://ibobo.ichannel.com.hk/
認識星期和天
http://resources.ed.gov.hk/wd001/
小海白地球拯救隊
http://www.ert.org.hk/
親子圖書館
http://elibrary.hkedcity.net/
家長兒童樂園
http://www.ednoland.com.hk/
大自然篇
香港自然網
http://www.hknature.net/
昆蟲世界
http://home.kimo.com.tw/weeviltw/
香港鯨豚網
http://www.chinese-wite-dolphin.net/front.html
自然教室
http://www.socialwork.com.hk/classnature.htm
抱抱大自然
http://parks.afcd.gov.hk
卡通篇
芝麻街英語世界
http://www.sesameworkshop.org/sesamestreet/
廸士尼官方網站
http://disney.go.com/home/today/index.html
可愛Miffy與好友
http://www.miffy.com/
維尼家族
http://disney.go.com/disneyvideos/animatedfilms/pooh/
Hello Kitty同你玩遊戲
http://www.sanrio.com/
人體科學篇
http://kidshealth.org/kid/
人體妙趣100問
http://hk.geocities.com/biologyproject_pkgms4b/2.html
認識身體每一處
http://yucky.kids.discovery.com/body/
兒童營養學
http://home.ied.edu.hk/~s0113125/UntitledFrameset-4.htm
七項全能攞滿FUN
http://www.bch.cuhk.edu.hk/fns/fun-in-seven/chinese/primary-Breastfeeding-background.html
遊戲篇
新雅互動樂園
http://www.sunya.com.hk/game/game.html
阿毛成長樂園
http://www.amau.com.tw/
好學好玩AeKids
http://www.aekids.tv/main.asp
動腦筋玩遊戲
http://www.funbrain.com/kidscenter.html
猜猜我是誰?
http://www.kidscom.com/games/animal/animal.html
http://www.baby-kingdom.com/
Copy from BK 自由報料
英語篇:
BBC活學英語室
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/laac/menu.shtml
認識字母AlphaBits
http://www.edu4kids.com/alpha/
動物教認字
http://www.infostuff.com/kids/index.html
聽歌學英文
http://phonics.jazzles.com/html/kid.html
跟美國人學英文
http://www.learningplanet.com/
中文篇
齊唱唐詩三百首
http://cls.admin.yzu.edu.tw/300/home.htm
成語動物園
http://resources.ed.gov.hk/idiom2/
中文學堂教寫字
http://www.kids945.com.tw/
多樣化學中文
http://www.dragonwise.hku.hk/dragon2/
認識漢語拼音
http://resources.emb.gov.hk/~chi/
故事篇
經典故事學英文
http://www.candlelightstories.com/
公民教育故事
http://www.cpce.gov.hk
互動式動畫故事
http://www.magickeys.com/books/
親親孩子講故事
http://resources.ed.gov.hk/story_telling/
西方經典童話故事
http://www.childrenstory.com/index.html
親子篇
親子互動網
http://ibobo.ichannel.com.hk/
認識星期和天
http://resources.ed.gov.hk/wd001/
小海白地球拯救隊
http://www.ert.org.hk/
親子圖書館
http://elibrary.hkedcity.net/
家長兒童樂園
http://www.ednoland.com.hk/
大自然篇
香港自然網
http://www.hknature.net/
昆蟲世界
http://home.kimo.com.tw/weeviltw/
香港鯨豚網
http://www.chinese-wite-dolphin.net/front.html
自然教室
http://www.socialwork.com.hk/classnature.htm
抱抱大自然
http://parks.afcd.gov.hk
卡通篇
芝麻街英語世界
http://www.sesameworkshop.org/sesamestreet/
廸士尼官方網站
http://disney.go.com/home/today/index.html
可愛Miffy與好友
http://www.miffy.com/
維尼家族
http://disney.go.com/disneyvideos/animatedfilms/pooh/
Hello Kitty同你玩遊戲
http://www.sanrio.com/
人體科學篇
http://kidshealth.org/kid/
人體妙趣100問
http://hk.geocities.com/biologyproject_pkgms4b/2.html
認識身體每一處
http://yucky.kids.discovery.com/body/
兒童營養學
http://home.ied.edu.hk/~s0113125/UntitledFrameset-4.htm
七項全能攞滿FUN
http://www.bch.cuhk.edu.hk/fns/fun-in-seven/chinese/primary-Breastfeeding-background.html
遊戲篇
新雅互動樂園
http://www.sunya.com.hk/game/game.html
阿毛成長樂園
http://www.amau.com.tw/
好學好玩AeKids
http://www.aekids.tv/main.asp
動腦筋玩遊戲
http://www.funbrain.com/kidscenter.html
猜猜我是誰?
http://www.kidscom.com/games/animal/animal.html
11 December, 2004
The History of Western Philosophy
The History of Western Philosophy 是Russell的一本重要著作,被視為哲學史的經典。他認為以前的哲學近於宗教多於科學,所以他要把哲學以科學的嚴謹方式處理。現在英美哲學的主流 Analytic Philosophy,正是受了Russell的影響。歐洲大陸受的影響則較少。
還記得中學的時候曾到圖書館借了一本來看,但看了不久就因枯燥難明就放棄了。一般的評論認為他這本著作是寫得頗為淺白(是否相對於其他更難讀的哲學史而 言?),而且對於各哲學家的理論和貢獻也有很好的描述。但不少人也指出,他評論各哲學家的理論時就不大中肯,有很強烈的個人看法,例如他完全容不下存在主 義。偏偏存在主義是我頗為有興趣的一種哲學,而Russell的哲學(Logical Positivism邏輯實証主義, Linguistic Analysis語理分析)我卻認為是視野過份狹窄和霸道的,難怪我對Russell的著作(目前看過的三本)一般都評價不高!
以下這遍 WITTGENSTEIN AND LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS 我認為頗為有趣。Wittgenstein是Russell的學生,他年輕時的著作對Linguistic Analysis的貢獻很大,但他後期的看法已出現了很大的轉變
http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~ppp/top/top13
還記得中學的時候曾到圖書館借了一本來看,但看了不久就因枯燥難明就放棄了。一般的評論認為他這本著作是寫得頗為淺白(是否相對於其他更難讀的哲學史而 言?),而且對於各哲學家的理論和貢獻也有很好的描述。但不少人也指出,他評論各哲學家的理論時就不大中肯,有很強烈的個人看法,例如他完全容不下存在主 義。偏偏存在主義是我頗為有興趣的一種哲學,而Russell的哲學(Logical Positivism邏輯實証主義, Linguistic Analysis語理分析)我卻認為是視野過份狹窄和霸道的,難怪我對Russell的著作(目前看過的三本)一般都評價不高!
以下這遍 WITTGENSTEIN AND LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS 我認為頗為有趣。Wittgenstein是Russell的學生,他年輕時的著作對Linguistic Analysis的貢獻很大,但他後期的看法已出現了很大的轉變
http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~ppp/top/top13
10 December, 2004
Marriage and Morals
Russell 的 Marriage and Morals 是一本曾引起很大爭議的書,因為他反對傳統的婚姻和性觀念,認為教會所教導的性道德不但不合理,而且更是有害的。他亦因此而失去大學的教席。對於提倡性解 放的人來說,這本寫於二十年代的書,無疑會讀得十分”過癮”,視Russell為先驅。事實上,他當時的論調絕對被視為對傳統婚姻和性觀念的顛覆。當然, 相對於今時今日提倡”性權”的人來說,Russell是遠遠不及(而且也不應該這樣比較),畢竟他對家庭和婚姻仍然視為有價值的東西,不像今天有些人認為 的everything goes,甚至要徹底地顛覆家庭制度。書中的論點有不少今天已經成為老調,沒甚特別,但當想到境遇倫理學(Joseph Fletcher's Situational Ethics)才寫於六十年代,性解放也是六十年代才開始,就可以想像到Russell的這本書是如何的突破。
Russell是個功利主義者(utilitarian,不是我們用以指市儈的意思),他的道德觀是建基於怎樣達致結果(使人快樂),而否定任何形而上(metaphysical)之考慮。
在我看來,Marriage and Morals 的最大問題是對父親角色的輕視,他認為父親的角色應該由國家取代。這有點像柏拉圖的Republic。這一點是我認為最謊謬的,可幸這從來沒有成為事實, 因為這是很明顯違反人性的。Russell自小父母相亡,由袓父母養大,受的是過份嚴格的受宗教影響的教育,以致他於年輕時討厭生命,甚至想自殺。另一方 面,他的父親卻又是十分之反傳統,容許自己的妻子與另一個男人有婚外的關係。我想這些都成為了他日後觀念形成的背景。從心理分析的角度看,他的作品表面是 對道德觀念理性的陳述,實質卻是出於反叛和缺乏父母親關愛的自我追尋的獨白。只不過這些都被他對數學和哲學的貢獻所遮蓋了罷!(又或說只因為他的名氣,和 他以一個十分理性的表達手法,直接挑戰主流的道德觀念,這本書才會引起如此重大的回嚮。畢竟,道德還道德,社會中不少人的實際行為根本就不受這些"官方" 的道德規範,只不過他們沒有如Russell般視自己的行為比"官方"的道德更道德罷。)
我想沒有甚麼人會如此看Russell吧,不知我是否第一個?
Russell是個功利主義者(utilitarian,不是我們用以指市儈的意思),他的道德觀是建基於怎樣達致結果(使人快樂),而否定任何形而上(metaphysical)之考慮。
在我看來,Marriage and Morals 的最大問題是對父親角色的輕視,他認為父親的角色應該由國家取代。這有點像柏拉圖的Republic。這一點是我認為最謊謬的,可幸這從來沒有成為事實, 因為這是很明顯違反人性的。Russell自小父母相亡,由袓父母養大,受的是過份嚴格的受宗教影響的教育,以致他於年輕時討厭生命,甚至想自殺。另一方 面,他的父親卻又是十分之反傳統,容許自己的妻子與另一個男人有婚外的關係。我想這些都成為了他日後觀念形成的背景。從心理分析的角度看,他的作品表面是 對道德觀念理性的陳述,實質卻是出於反叛和缺乏父母親關愛的自我追尋的獨白。只不過這些都被他對數學和哲學的貢獻所遮蓋了罷!(又或說只因為他的名氣,和 他以一個十分理性的表達手法,直接挑戰主流的道德觀念,這本書才會引起如此重大的回嚮。畢竟,道德還道德,社會中不少人的實際行為根本就不受這些"官方" 的道德規範,只不過他們沒有如Russell般視自己的行為比"官方"的道德更道德罷。)
我想沒有甚麼人會如此看Russell吧,不知我是否第一個?
30 November, 2004
Russell's Conquest of Happiness
終於讀完 Bertrand Russell 的 Conquest of Happiness. 用"終於"因為我實在不享受這本書,但因要歸還給同事,總要把他完成。連同之前的 Marriage and Morals 與 Russell's Best 一口氣讀了三本 Russell 的著作。
雖然不少人對這本書的評價很正面,但我讀完後整體的感覺是:沒有甚麼特別,沒有新的insight,也不覺得他對Happiness有甚麼獨到的看法。可 能因為我比較喜歡讀有關self-help的書籍,書中所述的概念對我來說一點也不新鮮。在我看來,他的分析甚至過於簡單,過於common sense。畢竟,這是一本三十年代的書,而且作者對基督教充滿偏見,有不少的地方是建基於他對清教徒禁慾主義的反感而立論的(Russell 是 "Why I am not a Christian" 的作者)。我對清教徒式的禁慾主義也十分不認同,但我認為聖經中對人生的看法遠較Russell所描述的積極。我相信這和Russell的成長經歷和他當 時所見的基督教的狀況有莫大關係。書中有點心理分析的味道,但可能我讀過些近代的心理分析的作品,總覺得Russell寫的有點不對勁。我尤其對他怎樣看 人的負面情緒(envy,guilt,shame)十分不認同。他簡單化地把人的情緒分為正面與負面的二分法,實在把人看得太過平面,完全怱畧了人負面情 緒的積極意義。
在網上找到的這個summary把書中的重點列出,並以較為現代的用語表達,總結得不錯
Tim LeBon’s Top 10 Self-Help Classics
http://members.aol.com/timlebon/conquest.htm
另外,以下引述的一段comments我也頗為認同
http://www.gurus.com/dougdeb/Courses/Happy/Conquest/Conquest.html
"In short, I think that Russell inappropriately universalizes his childhood experiences of Christianity and Christian contemplation, and enlarges these experiences to encompass religion and the contemplative life in general. His desire to see nothing of value in the contemplative life causes him to draw the line between the internal and external world in an unusual way."
雖然不少人對這本書的評價很正面,但我讀完後整體的感覺是:沒有甚麼特別,沒有新的insight,也不覺得他對Happiness有甚麼獨到的看法。可 能因為我比較喜歡讀有關self-help的書籍,書中所述的概念對我來說一點也不新鮮。在我看來,他的分析甚至過於簡單,過於common sense。畢竟,這是一本三十年代的書,而且作者對基督教充滿偏見,有不少的地方是建基於他對清教徒禁慾主義的反感而立論的(Russell 是 "Why I am not a Christian" 的作者)。我對清教徒式的禁慾主義也十分不認同,但我認為聖經中對人生的看法遠較Russell所描述的積極。我相信這和Russell的成長經歷和他當 時所見的基督教的狀況有莫大關係。書中有點心理分析的味道,但可能我讀過些近代的心理分析的作品,總覺得Russell寫的有點不對勁。我尤其對他怎樣看 人的負面情緒(envy,guilt,shame)十分不認同。他簡單化地把人的情緒分為正面與負面的二分法,實在把人看得太過平面,完全怱畧了人負面情 緒的積極意義。
在網上找到的這個summary把書中的重點列出,並以較為現代的用語表達,總結得不錯
Tim LeBon’s Top 10 Self-Help Classics
http://members.aol.com/timlebon/conquest.htm
另外,以下引述的一段comments我也頗為認同
http://www.gurus.com/dougdeb/Courses/Happy/Conquest/Conquest.html
"In short, I think that Russell inappropriately universalizes his childhood experiences of Christianity and Christian contemplation, and enlarges these experiences to encompass religion and the contemplative life in general. His desire to see nothing of value in the contemplative life causes him to draw the line between the internal and external world in an unusual way."
27 November, 2004
Sex and Moral
最近和朋友談論起性道德,當中自然一定會談到同性戀。同性戀的存在一向使我十分費解。若然你相信進化論的話,同性戀似乎很明顯是進化的死胡同。近年的同志 運動所引述的數據卻使我十分不明白,若然同性戀真的如他們宣稱的普遍,為什麼要到了近年才要為他們爭取「正常化」?不是應該老早就已經為大眾接納了嗎?
最近關啟文於《基督教週報》有一系列有關同性戀的文章,這些文章仍可於香港性文化學會或《基督教週報》的網站讀到:
http://www.sexculture.org.hk/index.php?page=articles
另外,一套有關 Alfred Kinsey 的電影已於美國上映,不知這影片所引發的討論會否如 Passion 熱烈?
http://www.usnews.com/usnews/issue/041122/opinion/22john.htm
The movie stresses how relentlessly nonjudgmental Kinsey was. But as the late evolutionary biologist Stephen Jay Gould once wrote, Kinsey's absence of judgment was itself a form of judgment. Kinsey wrote: "What is right for one individual may be wrong for the next; and what is sin and abomination to one may be a worthwhile part of the next individual's life." That certainly defined Kinsey's own sexual demons out of existence, but it left the field of sexology with a taboo-breaking, anything-goes legacy.
有關 Alfred Kinsey
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Kinsey
有人認為 Kinsey 的兩本報告是 60 年代性革命的主因﹝另一個主因是口服避孕丸的發明﹞.近年 RSVPAmerica 正致力於指出 Kinsey 報告的種種問題:
http://www.rsvpamerica.org/
最近關啟文於《基督教週報》有一系列有關同性戀的文章,這些文章仍可於香港性文化學會或《基督教週報》的網站讀到:
http://www.sexculture.org.hk/index.php?page=articles
另外,一套有關 Alfred Kinsey 的電影已於美國上映,不知這影片所引發的討論會否如 Passion 熱烈?
http://www.usnews.com/usnews/issue/041122/opinion/22john.htm
The movie stresses how relentlessly nonjudgmental Kinsey was. But as the late evolutionary biologist Stephen Jay Gould once wrote, Kinsey's absence of judgment was itself a form of judgment. Kinsey wrote: "What is right for one individual may be wrong for the next; and what is sin and abomination to one may be a worthwhile part of the next individual's life." That certainly defined Kinsey's own sexual demons out of existence, but it left the field of sexology with a taboo-breaking, anything-goes legacy.
有關 Alfred Kinsey
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Kinsey
有人認為 Kinsey 的兩本報告是 60 年代性革命的主因﹝另一個主因是口服避孕丸的發明﹞.近年 RSVPAmerica 正致力於指出 Kinsey 報告的種種問題:
http://www.rsvpamerica.org/
22 November, 2004
An alternative theory of oil formation
There is an interesting theory that petroleum are not formed by dead organic matter but from deep down the mantle through inorganic means.
Abiotic Theory of Oil Formation
http://www.enviroliteracy.org/article.php/1130.html
CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT RECENT PREDICTIONS OF IMPENDING SHORTAGES OF PETROLEUM EVALUATED FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF MODERN PETROLEUM SCIENCE
http://www.csun.edu/%7Evcgeo005/Energy.html
Gas Origin Theories to be Studied
http://www.aapg.org/explorer/2002/11nov/abiogenic.cfm
The theory was proposed by some Russian scientists. If it were true, oil supply would be limitless. However, most US scientists and geologists do not agree with them. Below is an article that refutes the abiotic theory:
http://www.museletter.com/archive/150b.html
Abiotic Theory of Oil Formation
http://www.enviroliteracy.org/article.php/1130.html
CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT RECENT PREDICTIONS OF IMPENDING SHORTAGES OF PETROLEUM EVALUATED FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF MODERN PETROLEUM SCIENCE
http://www.csun.edu/%7Evcgeo005/Energy.html
Gas Origin Theories to be Studied
http://www.aapg.org/explorer/2002/11nov/abiogenic.cfm
The theory was proposed by some Russian scientists. If it were true, oil supply would be limitless. However, most US scientists and geologists do not agree with them. Below is an article that refutes the abiotic theory:
http://www.museletter.com/archive/150b.html
29 April, 2004
小心【同類療法】的謬誤
今天蘋果日報的論壇又有一篇袁大明的文章,文章結尾指作者是自然療法醫生。他過往的文章都是批評正統醫療的,並指自然療法、同類療法等才是有效的療法,正 統醫療是害死人的。每次看完他的文章,都感到很不安,因為他所宣稱的都是謬論連篇。舉例說,他們(指同類療法的信奉者)總喜歡稱正統醫療為「對抗療法」, 但「對抗療法」這稱號除了是扣帽子式的刻意抺黑外,根本就沒有任何實質的意義,更絶對不能代表現代醫療的理念。
HOMEOWATCH 這個網站就搜羅了同類療法的謬誤。
http://www.homeowatch.org/
這網站擘頭第一句是:
Homeopathic "remedies" are usually harmless, but their associated misbeliefs are not. When people are healthy, it may not matter what they believe. But when serious illness strikes, false beliefs can lead to disaster.
我於二月二十七日的 journal 所題到的醫療事故「療程不當 兩阻送院 病人死亡」就是一個好例子。
HOMEOWATCH 這個網站就搜羅了同類療法的謬誤。
http://www.homeowatch.org/
這網站擘頭第一句是:
Homeopathic "remedies" are usually harmless, but their associated misbeliefs are not. When people are healthy, it may not matter what they believe. But when serious illness strikes, false beliefs can lead to disaster.
我於二月二十七日的 journal 所題到的醫療事故「療程不當 兩阻送院 病人死亡」就是一個好例子。
20 April, 2004
More about The Passion
CM posted four comments in a row about The Passion. Thanks for the postings. Actually, because I have not yet watched the film, I am not really concerned about the details. I am more concerned about the way of thinking and the beliefs that underlie these arguments.
Anyway, if anyone is interested in reading more about other people's comment on The Passion, there are much much more than you can read:
Resources for Gibson's "The Passion of the Christ"
http://www.gettysburgsem.org/mhoffman/gospels04/passion.htm
知信行網上團契
《受難曲》影評 &宣道會對天主教的看法
http://www.ccfellow.org/GenericStyles/Content_Forum00.asp?PaperID=0071&ID=17753
and the discussion thread
http://www.ccfellow.org/GenericStyles/ViewComment00.asp?PaperID=0071&NewsID=17753&ID=13171&Column=
Because of these arguments, I have just started to read some more about the development of Liberalism, Neo-orthodox and Fundamentalism and hope to talk about these when I have time. These I think are very important and relevant to our time.
However, I am very busy recently because I have just been posted to another team.
Anyway, if anyone is interested in reading more about other people's comment on The Passion, there are much much more than you can read:
Resources for Gibson's "The Passion of the Christ"
http://www.gettysburgsem.org/mhoffman/gospels04/passion.htm
知信行網上團契
《受難曲》影評 &宣道會對天主教的看法
http://www.ccfellow.org/GenericStyles/Content_Forum00.asp?PaperID=0071&ID=17753
and the discussion thread
http://www.ccfellow.org/GenericStyles/ViewComment00.asp?PaperID=0071&NewsID=17753&ID=13171&Column=
Because of these arguments, I have just started to read some more about the development of Liberalism, Neo-orthodox and Fundamentalism and hope to talk about these when I have time. These I think are very important and relevant to our time.
However, I am very busy recently because I have just been posted to another team.
18 April, 2004
肺癆
今天早上崇拜中聽到弟兄的見証,講述到他感染到肺癆和及後因藥物的副作用而導致肝衰竭和腎衰竭,而到了危急關頭,藥物的治療終於起到作用,今天才能康服和向大家講見証。
我聽了之後感受特別深,因去年年尾我感染了肺炎,X光片初步顯示很可能是TB,而且是三個不同的醫生都有相同的結論。幸好,經多番檢驗後終証實了不是 TB,而是急性肺炎。因該次的經驗,所以對TB加深了了解。正如弟兄今天所說,他最初以為以現今醫療水平,TB只不過是像較為嚴重的感冒,要醫好是不成問 題的。但其實這個大多數人的觀感是一個十分嚴重的誤解。
治療TB的藥物是頗容易引致肝衰竭甚至死亡的!於35至49歲的年齡組別中每一千人就有12人會引發嚴重肝衰竭或死亡:
http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic2/isoniaz.htm
尤其對於乙形肝炎帶菌者的我來說,這個風險是極之高的,因為即使沒有即時引致肝衰竭,也會可能引發肝硬化和肝癌。因此,感染了TB的話,對我可以說是生死 悠關。所以在我感染了肺炎和尚未証實病原體的那個階段,我的心情實在是非常的沉重。特別是當我了解到原來人類醫學對TB由預防、診斷、到治療原來都是十分 之不可靠,若然告訴大家,你們可能都會大吃一驚:
1‧預防TB的卡介苗在很多地方的研究都發現是十分不可靠的,有不少的研究竟然發現有效性是零!對,是ZERO!有的(很少數)卻高至80%;
2‧我們沒有一種快速而可靠的診斷方法,smear test 只有百分之六十,skin test的作用極之成疑,種菌?要等六星期--那六星期的等候期你吃不吃藥?隔不隔離?
3‧治TB的藥最少要連續吃六個月,中途若停了(這是十分普遍的!)不但病不能醫好,更加會導致抗藥性肺癆菌的出現。感染了抗藥性的肺癆菌,療程是兩年且藥物是十分昂貴。
因此治療TB期間必須密切監察肝功能的變化,但香港的公立醫院有沒有這樣做?又有沒有向病人解釋清楚?這個我不知道。
世衛於九三年已宣佈TB是全球性的危急問題:
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/who104/en/
Tuberculosis (TB) kills approximately 2 million people each year. The global epidemic is growing and becoming more dangerous. The breakdown in health services, the spread of HIV/AIDS and the emergence of multidrug-resistant TB are contributing to the worsening impact of this disease.
In 1993, the World Health Organization (WHO) took an unprecedented step and declared tuberculosis a global emergency, so great was the concern about the modern TB epidemic.
It is estimated that between 2002 and 2020, approximately 1000 million people will be newly infected, over 150 million people will get sick, and 36 million will die of TB - if control is not further strengthened.
更多有關TB的治療,可參看
http://wonder.cdc.gov/wonder/prevguid/p0000413/p0000413.asp
我聽了之後感受特別深,因去年年尾我感染了肺炎,X光片初步顯示很可能是TB,而且是三個不同的醫生都有相同的結論。幸好,經多番檢驗後終証實了不是 TB,而是急性肺炎。因該次的經驗,所以對TB加深了了解。正如弟兄今天所說,他最初以為以現今醫療水平,TB只不過是像較為嚴重的感冒,要醫好是不成問 題的。但其實這個大多數人的觀感是一個十分嚴重的誤解。
治療TB的藥物是頗容易引致肝衰竭甚至死亡的!於35至49歲的年齡組別中每一千人就有12人會引發嚴重肝衰竭或死亡:
http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic2/isoniaz.htm
尤其對於乙形肝炎帶菌者的我來說,這個風險是極之高的,因為即使沒有即時引致肝衰竭,也會可能引發肝硬化和肝癌。因此,感染了TB的話,對我可以說是生死 悠關。所以在我感染了肺炎和尚未証實病原體的那個階段,我的心情實在是非常的沉重。特別是當我了解到原來人類醫學對TB由預防、診斷、到治療原來都是十分 之不可靠,若然告訴大家,你們可能都會大吃一驚:
1‧預防TB的卡介苗在很多地方的研究都發現是十分不可靠的,有不少的研究竟然發現有效性是零!對,是ZERO!有的(很少數)卻高至80%;
2‧我們沒有一種快速而可靠的診斷方法,smear test 只有百分之六十,skin test的作用極之成疑,種菌?要等六星期--那六星期的等候期你吃不吃藥?隔不隔離?
3‧治TB的藥最少要連續吃六個月,中途若停了(這是十分普遍的!)不但病不能醫好,更加會導致抗藥性肺癆菌的出現。感染了抗藥性的肺癆菌,療程是兩年且藥物是十分昂貴。
因此治療TB期間必須密切監察肝功能的變化,但香港的公立醫院有沒有這樣做?又有沒有向病人解釋清楚?這個我不知道。
世衛於九三年已宣佈TB是全球性的危急問題:
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/who104/en/
Tuberculosis (TB) kills approximately 2 million people each year. The global epidemic is growing and becoming more dangerous. The breakdown in health services, the spread of HIV/AIDS and the emergence of multidrug-resistant TB are contributing to the worsening impact of this disease.
In 1993, the World Health Organization (WHO) took an unprecedented step and declared tuberculosis a global emergency, so great was the concern about the modern TB epidemic.
It is estimated that between 2002 and 2020, approximately 1000 million people will be newly infected, over 150 million people will get sick, and 36 million will die of TB - if control is not further strengthened.
更多有關TB的治療,可參看
http://wonder.cdc.gov/wonder/prevguid/p0000413/p0000413.asp
The Passion of the Christ
米路吉遜的《受難曲》早兩星期在香港上畫,對一個N年都沒有到戲院的我來說,本來並沒有引起我的任何興趣。但因為不止一次被人問及會否去看,加上收到一篇談論這部片的電郵,才知道有關這套片的廻響是如此的大。
我收到的電郵的主題為:[受難曲] - 三個基督徒看完後的感想。
我看完該電郵,第一個反應是我十分不認同該三位基督徒的看法。因為我還未看過[受難曲],我不能評論該片的好與壞。我不認同的是該三位基督徒分析該片的方法。
那篇電郵我相信在香港的教會中已廣為流傳,大家可以在基要書室的網站讀到:
http://www.fundamentalbook.com/monthly.htm
這篇文章原本的英文版已增至四位基督徒的感想:
http://www.wayoflife.org/fbns/melgibson-thepassionofthechrist/3-eyewitness-reports.html
另一篇對此片提出十大質疑的文章則較為有條理:
http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~emcd/passion.htm
對於他們的觀點,我想辯明的實在太多,不能三言兩語說明。Christianity Today 的網站有一個關於此片的專題:
http://www.christianitytoday.com/movies/special/passionofthechrist.html
很多人也已經在 Christianity Today 的討論區題出了不同意見。
綜觀這些辯論的背後,突顯出一向以來基要主義(Fundamentalism)和非基要主義之爭,也包括我們怎樣看天主教,普世合一運動(Ecumenical Movement),religious tolerance 等重要課題。
坦白說,一向以來我都認為基要主義有很多問題,特別是他們反智和反學術的態度。但基要主義最早期(二十世紀初)的提倡者所指出教會所面對的問題卻又是極之 重要的。但不幸的是基要主義的節節敗退使他們更自我封閉,對那些極端的基要主義信徒來說,差不多所有主要的基督宗派(聖公會、信義宗、浸信會等)和有影響 力的牧師(如葛培理,John Stott等)都是離經叛道的。因涉及的層面太廣濶,以後再談。
我收到的電郵的主題為:[受難曲] - 三個基督徒看完後的感想。
我看完該電郵,第一個反應是我十分不認同該三位基督徒的看法。因為我還未看過[受難曲],我不能評論該片的好與壞。我不認同的是該三位基督徒分析該片的方法。
那篇電郵我相信在香港的教會中已廣為流傳,大家可以在基要書室的網站讀到:
http://www.fundamentalbook.com/monthly.htm
這篇文章原本的英文版已增至四位基督徒的感想:
http://www.wayoflife.org/fbns/melgibson-thepassionofthechrist/3-eyewitness-reports.html
另一篇對此片提出十大質疑的文章則較為有條理:
http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~emcd/passion.htm
對於他們的觀點,我想辯明的實在太多,不能三言兩語說明。Christianity Today 的網站有一個關於此片的專題:
http://www.christianitytoday.com/movies/special/passionofthechrist.html
很多人也已經在 Christianity Today 的討論區題出了不同意見。
綜觀這些辯論的背後,突顯出一向以來基要主義(Fundamentalism)和非基要主義之爭,也包括我們怎樣看天主教,普世合一運動(Ecumenical Movement),religious tolerance 等重要課題。
坦白說,一向以來我都認為基要主義有很多問題,特別是他們反智和反學術的態度。但基要主義最早期(二十世紀初)的提倡者所指出教會所面對的問題卻又是極之 重要的。但不幸的是基要主義的節節敗退使他們更自我封閉,對那些極端的基要主義信徒來說,差不多所有主要的基督宗派(聖公會、信義宗、浸信會等)和有影響 力的牧師(如葛培理,John Stott等)都是離經叛道的。因涉及的層面太廣濶,以後再談。
17 April, 2004
A very good browser
Because of the numerous security problems with Internet Explorer, I have been using Mozilla for a long time. I only use IE very occasionally when browsing certain sites.
Mozilla includes both the browser and a very good e-mail client. It can block the annoying pop up advertisements and supports tab-browsing which I think is wonderful. You can download a copy of Mozilla at
http://www.mozilla.org/products/mozilla1.x/
Or you may download Firefox, which is even faster and smaller.
Mozilla includes both the browser and a very good e-mail client. It can block the annoying pop up advertisements and supports tab-browsing which I think is wonderful. You can download a copy of Mozilla at
http://www.mozilla.org/products/mozilla1.x/
Or you may download Firefox, which is even faster and smaller.
27 February, 2004
螯合療法 Chelation Therapy
Today's newspaper have an article on the death of a patient related to the professional misconduct of a doctor. The headlines are
Appledaily:
雙氧水靜脈注射 延誤送院病人不治
The Sun
療程不當 兩阻送院 病人死亡
The report mentioned 螯合療法 (Chelation Therapy) and injection of 雙氧水 (Hydrogen Peroxide).
From the information I collected from the web, I've found that Chelation Therapy and Hydrogen Peroxide Therapy are two different things. Chelation Therapy inject a chemical called EDTA into the blood stream to remove metals from your blood. Supporters claim that it can cure heart disease that are caused by hardening of the arteries and also other diseases due to "metal poisoning". Hydrogen Peroxide Therapy uses Hydrogen Peroxide and supporters say it can cure everything from cancer to AIDS.
However, none of these treatment are proven scientifically. My common sense tells me when someone promises a "miracle cure", we have to be extremely careful.
Let's see what the American Heart Association say about Chelation Theray:
http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=3000843
see the section on
Can chelation therapy be dangerous?
AHA also said
We found no scientific evidence to demonstrate any benefit from this form of therapy.
see
http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4493
However, because Chelation Therapy is becoming common in the US, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) announced that they have launched a study to see if there is any real benefit of this therapy.
Appledaily:
雙氧水靜脈注射 延誤送院病人不治
The Sun
療程不當 兩阻送院 病人死亡
The report mentioned 螯合療法 (Chelation Therapy) and injection of 雙氧水 (Hydrogen Peroxide).
From the information I collected from the web, I've found that Chelation Therapy and Hydrogen Peroxide Therapy are two different things. Chelation Therapy inject a chemical called EDTA into the blood stream to remove metals from your blood. Supporters claim that it can cure heart disease that are caused by hardening of the arteries and also other diseases due to "metal poisoning". Hydrogen Peroxide Therapy uses Hydrogen Peroxide and supporters say it can cure everything from cancer to AIDS.
However, none of these treatment are proven scientifically. My common sense tells me when someone promises a "miracle cure", we have to be extremely careful.
Let's see what the American Heart Association say about Chelation Theray:
http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=3000843
see the section on
Can chelation therapy be dangerous?
AHA also said
We found no scientific evidence to demonstrate any benefit from this form of therapy.
see
http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4493
However, because Chelation Therapy is becoming common in the US, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) announced that they have launched a study to see if there is any real benefit of this therapy.
26 February, 2004
Blogging in Chinese
Just to see what would happen if I use Chinese characters.
Blogging 在華人社會似乎沒有西方的流行. 有的把 BLOG 譯作 「部落格」,有的譯作「網誌」。最初的 blogging 是把網上留意到的網上資訊的連結 (hyperlink),和 blogger 自己對該些網站的意見以按時的方式滙集,用以和朋友分享或作日後自己參巧之用。但現在很多人已把 blogging 等同網上的日誌 (diaries),或一個發表個人意見的工具 (personal publishing)。
有關 blogging 的緣起,可參巧
Ask Yahoo! What are blogs, and how did they become so popular?
http://ask.yahoo.com/ask/20021115.html
journal vs. weblog
http://www.diarist.net/guide/blogjournal.shtml
Blogging 在華人社會似乎沒有西方的流行. 有的把 BLOG 譯作 「部落格」,有的譯作「網誌」。最初的 blogging 是把網上留意到的網上資訊的連結 (hyperlink),和 blogger 自己對該些網站的意見以按時的方式滙集,用以和朋友分享或作日後自己參巧之用。但現在很多人已把 blogging 等同網上的日誌 (diaries),或一個發表個人意見的工具 (personal publishing)。
有關 blogging 的緣起,可參巧
Ask Yahoo! What are blogs, and how did they become so popular?
http://ask.yahoo.com/ask/20021115.html
journal vs. weblog
http://www.diarist.net/guide/blogjournal.shtml
My first post in Blogger.com
I am lucky to be able to create an account in BLOGGER on the first try without running into duplicated account names.
So, what is a "rhamphorhynchus"?
It is a flying reptile living in the age of the dinosaurs, but it is in fact classified as a bird. It is very small, just two feet long and a wing span of 3 feet. The pronunciation is RAM-for-INK-us.
So, what is a "rhamphorhynchus"?
It is a flying reptile living in the age of the dinosaurs, but it is in fact classified as a bird. It is very small, just two feet long and a wing span of 3 feet. The pronunciation is RAM-for-INK-us.
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